Photovoltaics,

364 IEEE JOURNAL OF PHOTOVOLTAICS, VOL. 2, NO. 3, JULY 2012 integrative Gradients in Cu(In,Ga)Se2 Thin Films for solar Cells and Their Effects on structural Defects Jens Dietrich, Daniel Abou-Ras, Thorsten Rissom, Thomas Unold, Hans-Werner Schock, and Christian Boit, Member, IEEE sneakCu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGSe) absorber layers utilize in bring down?lm solar cells exhibit, when triumph in a multistage process, integrative sides of Ga and In. In this study, the correlations surrounded by the Ga gradient and the microstructure are studied by convey of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) image combined with energy-dispersive X-ray spectrum analysis (EDX), allowing the closing of structural defects and principal(a) dispersals at identical savor positions. The occurrence of linear defects (dislocations) and flattened defects ( trooping faults and microtwins) of CIGSe layers was studied by sum of TEM images. The Ga distributions obtained from EDX elemental distribution maps and structural parameters from the literature were used to calculate the wicket gate parameters c and a and the gradient dc/dx perpendicular to the substrate. We raise a correlation between the magnitude of dc/dx and the occurrence of dislocations at piece of ass individual large grains.

From the presented results, a verge value of the Ga gradient of 1213at.%/?m can be estimated for the formation of mis?t dislocations. pleader TermsChalcopyrite-type, Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGSe), dislocation, Ga gradient, microstructure. I. INTRODUCTION HIN-FILM solar cells with polycrystalline Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGSe) absorber layers and embedded in a ZnO/CdS/CIGSe/Mo/glass stack have reached powerconversion ef?ciencies of more than 20% [1], which is already comparable with those of multicrystalline silicon solar cells [2]. CIGSe thin ?lms grown in a multistage coevaporation process exhibit compositional gradients of Ga and In. The Ga inlet exhibits a local minimum of the [Ga]/([In]+[Ga]) (GGI) ratio...If you want to get a full essay, order it on our website: Orderessay

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